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Social Studies Reference - Class 10 - Unit 3

Lesson : 1
Our National Heritages
The historical places like palaces, temples, gumbas, monasteries,cultural places, the natural portions which are allotted by a country is termed as National Heritage. They are handed over from one generation to another from the ancient time. Eg. Pashupatinath temple, Kathmandu Durbar Square, Sagarmatha N. P, Bouddhanath etc.
The Types of Heritages:
The heritages can be of various types. The types of heritages are ;

#Natural Heritage
# Cultural Heritage
# Religious Heritage





The Heritages of Nepal
a Pashupatinath temple
b. Changunarayan temple
c. Boddhanath Mahachaitya
d.Swayambhunath Stupa
e. Kathmandu Durbar Square
f. Patan Durbar Square
g. Bhaktapur Durbar Square
h. Lumboni
i. Sagarmatha National Park
J. Chitwan National Park.

Importance of National Heritages of a Nation
The heritages are such valuable legacy of tangible and intangible assets of the ancestors which has been inherited from past generation to present one. They have great value in the present. The importance of the national heritage of a nation can be as follow:
a. Heritages are the such assets which give the identity of a nation,
b. They help to enhance the pride of the nation in the world, 
c. The heritages helps to bring the people of different ethnicity together under a shared history of the nation.
d. The national heritages of a nation may help the people to collect the information about their ancient culture and tradition.
e. The ancient heritages are the one of major source of national income through the promotion of the tourism, 
f. They may help the nation to be known in the world,
g. They even can be the source of the study for the researchers about the history,  and so on.

The Ways Preserve the National Heritages
We know that the heritages are the valuable assets of a nation. They have got great importance and they need to be preserved and promoted for the upcoming generation. They can also be one of the prime means of the national economy. As they are the identity of a nation, they need to be preserved. The following steps may support in the task of promotion and preservation of  the heritages of a nation.
a. The heritages area should be brought under the surveillance of the national security,
b. The awareness campaign about the importance of the heritages has to launched in the local people who are residing around the heritages sites,
c. The commercial activities around the heritages should get stopped as they help to destroy the environment of the heritage sites, 
d. The proper sanitation around the heritages has to be maintained properly,
e. The reconstruction and renovation of the heritages of the poor condition should go regularly, etc.
f. The areas of the national heritages sites should be out of the reach of any kinds of means of transpiration, and so on.



Unit:3.6
             International  Personality                                 


 Kailash Satyarthi


Born: 11th Janusry, 1954
Place: Madhya Pradesh, India
Nationality: Indian
Background 
Kailash Satyrathi was very kind, help full, cooperative child, in his childhood. He always used to help the people who were in needs.Once he saw the children working in very harassing environment to earn for their surviving instead of going school, they were working in the inns other working stations. It disturbed him a lot. Now he made a mind to support them. He started collecting fund, books and copies to support them. Later it transformed into a movement.

Education:
He has completed Post Gratuated Diploma in High Voltage Engineering.

Contributions:
> He worked as lecturer in Bhopal College.
> He wanted to serve for bonded laborers           and started working for them.
> He left the job of lecturer and started the work of publishing "The Struggle shall Continue" in 1980A.D. The main aim of this magazine was to create awareness against child labor.
> He launched a movement बचपन बचाओ आन्दोलन/बालापन जोगाओ अभियान। The main aim of this movement was to protect the childhood. It gave birth to an organization called South Asian Coalition in Child Servitude ( SACCS) in 1989 A.D.
> SACCS formed a Bal Aashram वालअाश्रम in Rajasthan to rehabilitate the rescued children and taught the basic life - skills to survive.
> He started "Global March" to aware  the world against child labor.
> He played a role to form "Good Wave Campaign" in South Asia against child labor etc.

                   Martin Luther King

Born: 15th January, 1929
Place: Atlanta, Georgia, USA
Nationality: America
He was called (known as) Michael King

Background
The well known social reformer of the USA, Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. was born in Atlanta, Georgia, USA ON 15th January, 1929. He was known as Michael King in the USA. He completed his school level education from Booker T. Washington High School. He was able to complete his graduation at the age of fifteen years from Morehouse College and completed Masters degree in Sociology the same college. He completed the Ph.D. IN Theology from the Boston University. He is considered the most influencing leader of the Civil Right Movement in the USA.   
Education:
 He had completed his school level education from Booker T. Washington High School. He completed Masters Degree from More house College and Ph. D. in Theology from Boston University.
Contributions
> He fraught to overturn segregation laws and eliminate social and economic difference between Black and White.
> He is known for the speech "I have a dream" delivered in a mass rally on 28th August,1963.
> Civil Right was introduced in 1964 A.D.
> His initiation and effort and the movement gave voting right to the Black in 1965 A.D.
> He lead a 382 days boycott Montgomery's segregated public bus system in 1955 A.D. etc.
                             Lesson:3.7
                      Universal Fraternity
1) Universal Brotherhood
 A kind of feeling which aims to unite the people with the feelings of "We and Our" and we all are the members of the same family. It always promotes the concept of Global Village for fraternity, religious and racial harmony. Such concept for a better world can be termed as universal brotherhood.

Need of Universal Fraternity
Universal brotherhood is the base of peace and prosperity of the world. It regards the world as the common home of all. Every one should remain here as members of a common home. The need of universal brotherhood are;
a. It is needed to develop the feelings of "we are "
b. It helps to minimize disputes, clashes and other feelings of fragmentation.
c. It helps to develop the better place to live.
d. It is needed to maintain peace and prosperity to remove the clashes and conflict.
e. It is to teach people to manage the socio-cultural factors. etc.

3. Characteristics of universal fraternity.
We know that universal brotherhood is the feeling of all human beings as brothers and sisters of the global family.
a. It is the tolerance and respect for each other. It can not be charaterized as sentimental entity but it is the requirement of the world for a better world.
b. It is a such feature which helps for coexistance and fellowship to enhance in building positive attitude towards each other for a wonderful world.
c. It can be characterised as migration, employment and globalization. As people migrate in the name of employment they need to draw the aquitaintance for socio-economic progress.
The Iportance of Univerasal Brotherhood
* It helpas to unite the people for common goals,
* It encourages the people to develop the feelings of humanity,
* It encourages thepeople to minimize all kinds of discriminations, conflicts, disputes and the wars and maintain the peaceful environment in the world,
* It also encouraages the people to develop the feelings of the culture of sharing, etc.


                             Lesson: 3.8
    

Senior/Elderly Citizens
According to constitution of Nepal 2072, the person who is above 60 years  and retired from his job,who is physically inactive towards his/her works is said Senior Citizen.
2.  The symptoms of old age
The symptoms of old age are; 
> Wrinkle and stretches on face and skins.
> Weak joints
> Starting fall of teeth
> Difficult in walking 
> Loss of sleep
> Loss of visibility, hearing and problem of 
> Problem in heart are lung.
3. When is international senior citizen day observed?
 The international senior citizen day is observed on 1st October.
4. The ways to take care of the senior citizens by the State and Family members

It is the natural phenomenon that every has to through old age. As every human being passes through it, they should be cared because they are also the property of the state who guide the state in the right path with the experience they have got. The roles of family members and the state can be as follow;
 The roles of the family members.
> The family members have to make a proper management of the room, they are to keep.
> The room should be avoided of slippery floor and things to be collided with.
> They must be encouraged for the physical exercises which help them to be agile in old age.
> The family members have to be watchful towards their health.
> The family members ought to tolerate the behaviors of the old members of the family.
The roles the state;
> The government should run the well facilitated old aged homes for them who want to live in       old aged homes.
> The state must encourage the people to keep their senior family members with them in their        own homes.
> There should provision of Old Age Allowance for every senior citizens of the state under              social security.
> They should be provided the medical and other insurance facilities.



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