Unit:2.1
Sustainable Development
1. Sustainable Development
The development activities carried out without degrading the environment and nature or natural resources along with the public participation is called sustainable development. As it lasts for a long period of time, it is termed as sustainable development. The UN General Assembly introduced the concept of sustainable development through the Brunt Land Commission in the chairmanship of Gro Harlem 1983 A.D.
2. Our Common Future
"Our Common Future" is the report submitted to the UN-General Assembly by the Brut land Commission chaired by Gro Harlem in 1987 A.D.
3. Objectives of sustainable development
The objectives of sustainable development are;
> To assist in minimizing poverty from the country.
> To increase the human development and progress.
> To promote the efficient and effective conservation and promotion of environment and natural resources.
> To make wise utilization of the available means and resources.
> To achieve high and sustainable economic progress.
> To bring the marginalized groups in main stream of all kinds of development with social justice.
4. Major goals of sustainable development
The major goals of sustainable development are;
> To conserve and protect the nature for future generation.
> To give high priority for economic utilization of available resources.
> To provide social justice and social security to marginalized and underprivileged groups.
> To work for achieving high and sustainable economic growth and increase public participation.
> To work for poverty alleviation.
5. Principles of sustainable development
The principle of sustainable development are;
> There should be justifiable distribution of means and resources and sustainable use of them.
> There should be approach for helping the future generation along with present one for creating bright future.
> The state should go with eco~friendly approach for all sorts of developments.
> There should be meaningful and constructive participation of public in development works.
6. Dimensions of sustainable development
The areas where the principles of sustainable development are applicable, such areas are termed as the dimension of sustainable development. They are;
> Economic Dimension
Economic dimension deals with the areas of economic activities of human life. Like poverty alleviation, high and sustainable economic growth.
> Social and Cultural Dimension
It deals with the conservation and promotion of heritages, transform of good cultures from one generation to another strengthening the human relation.
> Natural Dimension
It deals about the conservation and protection of all living beings,natural resources.
> Political Dimension
Lesson: 4
Contemporary Development Goals and Nepal
Millennium Development Goals
The General Assembly of UNO made eights goals to be achieved by 2015 AD began from 2000 AD at the global level is said Millennium Development Goals. It had set the goals to be achieved in different levels.
The Millennium Development Goals of UNO.
☆ Eradicate the extreme poverty and hunger,
☆ Achieve universal primary education,
☆ Promote gender equality and empower the women,
☆ Reduce child mortality,
☆ Improve Maternal Health,
☆ Combat HIV/AIDSand other diseases like malaria
☆ Ensure Environmental sustainability,
☆ Develop a Global Partnership for development.
The Goals set by Nepal:
☆ Reduce Poverty by 21%,
☆ Provide Primary Education to every child,
☆ Equality on School environment to children and end of Gender based inequality,
☆ Reduce Child Mortality rate by 1/3,
☆ Reduce Maternal Death rate by 1/4,
☆ Control,Eradication and Prevention of diseases,
☆ Increase Forest area by 40% and access of drinking water to 73%,
☆ Promote Global Partnership for Development.
The Sustainable Development Goals:
> No Poverty,
> Zero Hunger,
> Good Health and Well beings,
> Quality Education,
> Gender Equality,
> Clean Drinking water and Sanitation,
> Affordable and Clean Energy,
> Decent Works and Economic Growth,
> Industry, Innovation and Infrastructures,
> Reduce Inequality,
> Sustainable Cities and Communities,
> Responsible Consumption and Production,
> Climate Action,
> Life Below Water,
> Life on Lands,
> Peace and Justice through Strong Institutions,
> Partnership for the Development Goals.
Local level of Nepal
The constitution of Nepal has created three levels of governments. Federal level, Provincial level and local level. The government or the executive bidy in the center is federal government likewise the executive body in each province is provincial government in the same way local levels like metropolitancity municipality and rural municipality is said the local level govrnment.
Here, it talks about policy and decision making which has got the direct relation with the available resources in a country and the development activities.
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